Quartz Glass vs Ordinary Glass

The microstructure of quartz glass is made up of a network of amorphous silica (SiO₂), while ordinary glass (e.g., soda-lime glass) contains a large number of other oxides (e.g., Na₂O, CaO). The specific differences are as follows:

Chemical Composition:

Quartz glass: SiO₂ purity≥99.95% (semiconductor grade up to 99.9999%)

Ordinary glass: SiO₂ content is about 70-75%, containing 12-15% Na₂O, 10-15% CaO and other impurities

Atomic arrangement:

Quartz glass: disordered three-dimensional network structure, Si-O bond length 1.61Å, bond angle 109.5° (similar to crystal structure but no long-range ordering)

Ordinary glass: The network structure is interrupted by Na⁺, Ca²⁺ plasma, forming a more open structure

Performance Differences:

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: Quartz Glass (0.55×10⁻⁶/K) vs Ordinary Glass (9×10⁻⁶/K)

Softening point: quartz glass (1683°C) vs ordinary glass (600-800°C)

UV transmittance: quartz glass (>90% @200nm) vs ordinary glass (almost impermeable to < 300nm ultraviolet rays)

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